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"required": 34 }, { "key": "kubernetes", "skill": "Kubernetes", "jobs": 38, "required": 25 }, { "key": "ai agents", "skill": "AI Agents", "jobs": 37, "required": 23 } ] }, { "family": "devops", "name": "DevOps and infrastructure", "summary": { "jobs": 471, "employers": 111, "pay": 294, "remote": 90, "yearsStated": 361, "tech": 471, "seniority": { "intern": 9, "entry": 16, "mid": 69, "senior": 261, "lead": 47, "unknown": 69 } }, "ai": 98, "aiRequired": 48, "skills": [ { "key": "python", "skill": "Python", "jobs": 210, "required": 184 }, { "key": "kubernetes", "skill": "Kubernetes", "jobs": 138, "required": 113 }, { "key": "hcl", "skill": "Terraform", "jobs": 108, "required": 79 }, { "key": "amazon web services", "skill": "Amazon Web Services", "jobs": 107, "required": 77 }, { "key": "go", "skill": "Go", "jobs": 89, "required": 80 }, { "key": "ci cd", "skill": "CI/CD", "jobs": 81, "required": 71 } ] }, { "family": "healthcare", "name": "Healthcare", "summary": { "jobs": 451, "employers": 39, "pay": 188, "remote": 120, "yearsStated": 315, "tech": 0, "seniority": { "intern": 2, "entry": 40, "mid": 109, "senior": 132, "lead": 14, "unknown": 154 } }, "ai": 14, "aiRequired": 10, "skills": [ { "key": "microsoft excel", "skill": "Microsoft Excel", "jobs": 48, "required": 42 }, { "key": "hipaa", "skill": "HIPAA", "jobs": 41, "required": 39 }, { "key": "pharmaceutical industry", "skill": "Pharmaceutical industry", "jobs": 28, "required": 16 }, { "key": "microsoft word", "skill": "Microsoft Word", "jobs": 27, "required": 24 }, { "key": "life sciences", "skill": "Life Sciences", "jobs": 23, "required": 2 }, { "key": "microsoft powerpoint", "skill": "Microsoft PowerPoint", "jobs": 22, "required": 20 } ] }, { "family": "data", "name": "Data engineering and science", "summary": { "jobs": 412, "employers": 119, "pay": 234, "remote": 100, "yearsStated": 301, "tech": 412, "seniority": { "intern": 28, "entry": 26, "mid": 54, "senior": 200, "lead": 40, "unknown": 64 } }, "ai": 166, "aiRequired": 89, "skills": [ { "key": "python", "skill": "Python", "jobs": 294, "required": 269 }, { "key": "sql", "skill": "SQL", "jobs": 221, "required": 217 }, { "key": "apache spark", "skill": "Apache Spark", "jobs": 74, "required": 60 }, { "key": "snowflake", "skill": "Snowflake", "jobs": 72, "required": 43 }, { "key": "java", "skill": "Java", "jobs": 68, "required": 57 }, { "key": "databricks", "skill": "Databricks", "jobs": 66, "required": 46 } ] }, { "family": "legal", "name": "Legal", "summary": { "jobs": 372, "employers": 121, "pay": 241, "remote": 105, "yearsStated": 329, "tech": 0, "seniority": { "intern": 1, "entry": 4, "mid": 59, "senior": 204, "lead": 17, "unknown": 87 } }, "ai": 73, "aiRequired": 44, "skills": [ { "key": "artificial intelligence", "skill": "Artificial Intelligence", "jobs": 37, "required": 22 }, { "key": "gdpr", "skill": "GDPR", "jobs": 29, "required": 26 }, { "key": "financial services", "skill": "Financial services", "jobs": 23, "required": 9 }, { "key": "project management", "skill": "Project Management", "jobs": 23, "required": 20 }, { "key": "ai governance", "skill": "AI Governance", "jobs": 22, "required": 15 }, { "key": "hipaa", "skill": "HIPAA", "jobs": 19, "required": 14 } ] }, { "family": "security", "name": "Security engineering", "summary": { "jobs": 363, "employers": 106, "pay": 252, "remote": 117, "yearsStated": 282, "tech": 363, "seniority": { "intern": 10, "entry": 8, "mid": 35, "senior": 230, "lead": 36, "unknown": 44 } }, "ai": 116, "aiRequired": 69, "skills": [ { "key": "python", "skill": "Python", "jobs": 140, "required": 119 }, { "key": "amazon web services", "skill": "Amazon Web Services", "jobs": 94, "required": 71 }, { "key": "go", "skill": "Go", "jobs": 86, "required": 79 }, { "key": "google cloud platform", "skill": "Google Cloud Platform", "jobs": 67, "required": 49 }, { "key": "azure", "skill": "Azure", "jobs": 63, "required": 42 }, { "key": "kubernetes", "skill": "Kubernetes", "jobs": 48, "required": 40 } ] }, { "family": "fullstack", "name": "Full-stack engineering", "summary": { "jobs": 338, "employers": 105, "pay": 201, "remote": 85, "yearsStated": 249, "tech": 338, "seniority": { "intern": 14, "entry": 23, "mid": 38, "senior": 166, "lead": 45, "unknown": 52 } }, "ai": 107, "aiRequired": 62, "skills": [ { "key": "python", "skill": "Python", "jobs": 147, "required": 132 }, { "key": "react", "skill": "React", "jobs": 136, "required": 126 }, { "key": "java", "skill": "Java", "jobs": 118, "required": 102 }, { "key": "typescript", "skill": "TypeScript", "jobs": 112, "required": 103 }, { "key": "go", "skill": "Go", "jobs": 69, "required": 53 }, { "key": "javascript", "skill": "JavaScript", "jobs": 66, "required": 61 } ] } ] } }, "countries": [ { "country": "US", "name": "United States", "jobs": 17224, "employers": 328, "pay": 10175, "remote": 3386, "yearsStated": 13160, "tech": 4535, "seniority": { "intern": 380, "entry": 1836, "mid": 3089, "senior": 7518, "lead": 963, "unknown": 3438 } }, { "country": "IN", "name": "India", "jobs": 6985, "employers": 168, "pay": 22, "remote": 222, "yearsStated": 5053, "tech": 2061, "seniority": { "intern": 38, "entry": 457, "mid": 2030, "senior": 2502, "lead": 443, "unknown": 1515 } }, { "country": "UK", "name": "United Kingdom", "jobs": 1546, "employers": 148, "pay": 136, "remote": 305, "yearsStated": 641, "tech": 390, "seniority": { "intern": 22, "entry": 132, "mid": 266, "senior": 658, "lead": 120, "unknown": 348 } }, { "country": "CA", "name": "Canada", "jobs": 795, "employers": 91, "pay": 535, "remote": 318, "yearsStated": 569, "tech": 351, "seniority": { "intern": 33, "entry": 33, "mid": 137, "senior": 416, "lead": 46, "unknown": 130 } }, { "country": "SG", "name": "Singapore", "jobs": 683, "employers": 86, "pay": 10, "remote": 74, "yearsStated": 480, "tech": 201, "seniority": { "intern": 33, "entry": 48, "mid": 110, "senior": 307, "lead": 38, "unknown": 147 } }, { "country": "DE", "name": "Germany", "jobs": 643, "employers": 92, "pay": 72, "remote": 148, "yearsStated": 288, "tech": 126, "seniority": { "intern": 27, "entry": 101, "mid": 122, "senior": 206, "lead": 35, "unknown": 152 } }, { "country": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "jobs": 542, "employers": 63, "pay": 12, "remote": 61, "yearsStated": 368, "tech": 121, "seniority": { "intern": 22, "entry": 104, "mid": 125, "senior": 147, "lead": 23, "unknown": 121 } }, { "country": "IE", "name": "Ireland", "jobs": 506, "employers": 55, "pay": 76, "remote": 60, "yearsStated": 323, "tech": 135, "seniority": { "intern": 8, "entry": 46, "mid": 116, "senior": 199, "lead": 23, "unknown": 114 } }, { "country": "AU", "name": "Australia", "jobs": 429, "employers": 82, "pay": 9, "remote": 74, "yearsStated": 216, "tech": 83, "seniority": { "intern": 6, "entry": 16, "mid": 79, "senior": 185, "lead": 25, "unknown": 118 } }, { "country": "FR", "name": "France", "jobs": 384, "employers": 63, "pay": 17, "remote": 54, "yearsStated": 181, "tech": 63, "seniority": { "intern": 33, "entry": 70, "mid": 88, "senior": 93, "lead": 17, "unknown": 83 } }, { "country": "JP", "name": "Japan", "jobs": 356, "employers": 67, "pay": 15, "remote": 56, "yearsStated": 236, "tech": 55, "seniority": { "intern": 1, "entry": 23, "mid": 76, "senior": 134, "lead": 21, "unknown": 101 } } ], "aiSkills": [ { "key": "artificial intelligence", "skill": "Artificial Intelligence", "jobs": 3158 }, { "key": "ai agents", "skill": "AI Agents", "jobs": 1172 }, { "key": "machine learning", "skill": "Machine learning", "jobs": 922 }, { "key": "large language models", "skill": "Large Language Models", "jobs": 910 }, { "key": "generative ai", "skill": "Generative AI", "jobs": 681 }, { "key": "claude", "skill": "Claude", "jobs": 565 }, { "key": "claude anthropic", "skill": "Claude (Anthropic)", "jobs": 58 }, { "key": "retrieval augmented generation", "skill": "Retrieval-Augmented Generation", "jobs": 412 }, { "key": "pytorch", "skill": "PyTorch", "jobs": 391 }, { "key": "prompt engineering", "skill": "Prompt Engineering", "jobs": 301 }, { "key": "openai api", "skill": "OpenAI API", "jobs": 296 }, { "key": "model context protocol", "skill": "Model Context Protocol", "jobs": 264 }, { "key": "ai assisted coding", "skill": "AI-Assisted Coding", "jobs": 250 }, { "key": "tensorflow", "skill": "TensorFlow", "jobs": 237 }, { "key": "vector databases", "skill": "Vector Databases", "jobs": 215 }, { "key": "github copilot", "skill": "GitHub Copilot", "jobs": 211 }, { "key": "deep learning", "skill": "Deep learning", "jobs": 195 }, { "key": "cursor", "skill": "Cursor", "jobs": 185 }, { "key": "salesforce agentforce", "skill": "Salesforce Agentforce", "jobs": 182 }, { "key": "langchain", "skill": "LangChain", "jobs": 178 }, { "key": "llm evaluation", "skill": "LLM Evaluation", "jobs": 164 }, { "key": "mlops", "skill": "MLOps", "jobs": 155 }, { "key": "ai governance", "skill": "AI Governance", "jobs": 152 }, { "key": "natural language processing", "skill": "Natural language processing", "jobs": 149 }, { "key": "langgraph", "skill": "LangGraph", "jobs": 141 }, { "key": "openai codex", "skill": "OpenAI Codex", "jobs": 138 }, { "key": "scikit learn", "skill": "scikit-learn", "jobs": 134 }, { "key": "ai literacy", "skill": "AI Literacy", "jobs": 133 }, { "key": "computer vision", "skill": "Computer vision", "jobs": 113 }, { "key": "google gemini", "skill": "Google Gemini", "jobs": 109 }, { "key": "microsoft copilot", "skill": "Microsoft Copilot", "jobs": 97 }, { "key": "reinforcement learning", "skill": "Reinforcement Learning", "jobs": 96 }, { "key": "model fine tuning", "skill": "Model Fine-Tuning", "jobs": 87 }, { "key": "embeddings", "skill": "Embeddings", "jobs": 85 }, { "key": "responsible ai", "skill": "Responsible AI", "jobs": 82 }, { "key": "multi agent systems", "skill": "Multi-Agent Systems", "jobs": 76 }, { "key": "llamaindex", "skill": "LlamaIndex", "jobs": 74 }, { "key": "machine learning engineering", "skill": "Machine Learning Engineering", "jobs": 62 }, { "key": "vertex ai", "skill": "Vertex AI", "jobs": 51 }, { "key": "ai agent orchestration", "skill": "AI Agent Orchestration", "jobs": 51 }, { "key": "voice ai", "skill": "Voice AI", "jobs": 47 }, { "key": "ai security", "skill": "AI Security", "jobs": 45 }, { "key": "multimodal ai", "skill": "Multimodal AI", "jobs": 46 }, { "key": "ai guardrails", "skill": "AI Guardrails", "jobs": 43 }, { "key": "llm orchestration", "skill": "LLM Orchestration", "jobs": 43 }, { "key": "conversational ai", "skill": "Conversational AI", "jobs": 40 }, { "key": "ai safety", "skill": "AI Safety", "jobs": 39 }, { "key": "ai strategy", "skill": "AI Strategy", "jobs": 37 }, { "key": "transformer architectures", "skill": "Transformer Architectures", "jobs": 35 }, { "key": "google agent development kit adk", "skill": "Google Agent Development Kit (ADK)", "jobs": 33 }, { "key": "ai gateway", "skill": "AI Gateway", "jobs": 31 }, { "key": "prompt injection", "skill": "Prompt Injection", "jobs": 31 }, { "key": "hugging face", "skill": "Hugging Face", "jobs": 30 }, { "key": "keras", "skill": "Keras", "jobs": 30 }, { "key": "llm fine tuning", "skill": "LLM Fine-tuning", "jobs": 28 }, { "key": "artificial neural networks", "skill": "Artificial neural networks", "jobs": 26 }, { "key": "azure openai", "skill": "Azure OpenAI", "jobs": 27 }, { "key": "explainable ai", "skill": "Explainable AI", "jobs": 25 }, { "key": "vision language models", "skill": "Vision-Language Models", "jobs": 26 }, { "key": "eu ai act", "skill": "EU AI Act", "jobs": 25 }, { "key": "openai chatgpt", "skill": "OpenAI ChatGPT", "jobs": 25 }, { "key": "llm post training", "skill": "LLM Post-Training", "jobs": 25 }, { "key": "nist ai risk management framework ai rmf", "skill": "NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF)", "jobs": 23 }, { "key": "llm inference", "skill": "LLM Inference", "jobs": 23 }, { "key": "huggingface transformers", "skill": "Hugging Face Transformers", "jobs": 20 }, { "key": "azure ai", "skill": "Azure AI", "jobs": 20 }, { "key": "microsoft copilot studio", "skill": "Microsoft Copilot Studio", "jobs": 19 }, { "key": "llmops", "skill": "LLMOps", "jobs": 19 }, { "key": "embodied ai", "skill": "Embodied AI", "jobs": 18 }, { "key": "pgvector", "skill": "Pgvector", "jobs": 18 }, { "key": "owasp top 10 for llms", "skill": "OWASP Top 10 for LLMs", "jobs": 15 } ], "aiTools": [ { "key": "claude", "skill": "Claude", "jobs": 565, "required": 258, "core": 84, "employers": 150 }, { "key": "openai api", "skill": "OpenAI API", "jobs": 296, "required": 123, "core": 35, "employers": 104 }, { "key": "github copilot", "skill": "GitHub Copilot", "jobs": 211, "required": 80, "core": 5, "employers": 65 }, { "key": "cursor", "skill": "Cursor", "jobs": 185, "required": 55, "core": 5, "employers": 68 }, { "key": "langchain", "skill": "LangChain", "jobs": 178, "required": 91, "core": 24, "employers": 61 }, { "key": "langgraph", "skill": "LangGraph", "jobs": 141, "required": 58, "core": 22, "employers": 46 }, { "key": "google gemini", "skill": "Google Gemini", "jobs": 109, "required": 47, "core": 5, "employers": 57 }, { "key": "llamaindex", "skill": "LlamaIndex", "jobs": 74, "required": 35, "core": 9, "employers": 33 }, { "key": "vertex ai", "skill": "Vertex AI", "jobs": 51, "required": 17, "core": 7, "employers": 26 }, { "key": "hugging face", "skill": "Hugging Face", "jobs": 30, "required": 17, "core": 3, "employers": 20 } ], "dropped": [ { "scope": "ALL", "key": "rest apis", "skill": "REST APIs", "jobs": 1604, "reason": "named in the posting's own words in 40% of its jobs, under 60%" }, { "scope": "ALL", "key": "sales activities", "skill": "Sales activities", "jobs": 1439, "reason": "a vague ESCO activity (\"supervise sales activities\"), not a skill a posting names" }, { "scope": "ALL", "key": "statistics", "skill": "Statistics", "jobs": 1088, "reason": "named in the posting's own words in 53% of its jobs, under 60%" }, { "scope": "ALL", "key": "openai codex", "skill": "OpenAI Codex", "jobs": 138, "reason": "one employer posts 48 of its 138 jobs, over a third" }, { "scope": "ALL", "key": "microsoft copilot", "skill": "Microsoft Copilot", "jobs": 97, "reason": "one employer posts 38 of its 97 jobs, over a third" }, { "scope": "IN", "key": "customer service", "skill": "Customer service", "jobs": 362, "reason": "one employer posts 238 of its 362 jobs, over a third" }, { "scope": "IN", "key": "rest apis", "skill": "REST APIs", "jobs": 342, "reason": "named in the posting's own words in 40% of its jobs, under 60%" }, { "scope": "IN", "key": "agile development", "skill": "Agile development", "jobs": 244, "reason": "one employer posts 96 of its 244 jobs, over a third" }, { "scope": "IN", "key": "statistics", "skill": "Statistics", "jobs": 225, "reason": "named in the posting's own words in 53% of its jobs, under 60%" }, { "scope": "IN", "key": "sales activities", "skill": "Sales activities", "jobs": 216, "reason": "a vague ESCO activity (\"supervise sales activities\"), not a skill a posting names" }, { "scope": "IN", "key": "insurance", "skill": "Insurance", "jobs": 175, "reason": "one employer posts 148 of its 175 jobs, over a third" }, { "scope": "US", "key": "rest apis", "skill": "REST APIs", "jobs": 713, "reason": "named in the posting's own words in 40% of its jobs, under 60%" }, { "scope": "US", "key": "sales activities", "skill": "Sales activities", "jobs": 710, "reason": "a vague ESCO activity (\"supervise sales activities\"), not a skill a posting names" }, { "scope": "US", "key": "statistics", "skill": "Statistics", "jobs": 528, "reason": "named in the posting's own words in 53% of its jobs, under 60%" }, { "scope": "US", "key": "financial services", "skill": "Financial services", "jobs": 477, "reason": "one employer posts 267 of its 477 jobs, over a third" } ] }